English for IT. Voc.Practice. Situations

- What does Computer Architecture mean?                                                                       (Computer Architecture - SlideShare)

- a) Computer architecture is a specification detailing how a set of software and hardware technology standards interact to form a computer system or platform. In short, computer architecture refers to how a computer system is designed and what technologies it is compatible with.

- b) In computer engineering, computer architecture is a set of rules and methods that describe the functionality, organization, and implementation of computer systems. Some definitions of architecture define it as describing the capabilities and programming model of a computer but not a particular implementation.^[1] In other definitions computer architecture involves instruction set architecture design, microarchitecture design, logic design, and implementation.^[2]

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Перше, що потрібно знати:

1.- What is the basic job of a computer? - Яка основна функція комп`ютера?
a) The basic job of a computer is processing/ to process information.
b) A computer is used to convert data into information.

2. - What is the difference between data and information?
    - Data is raw/ unprocessed material. Information is organized, processed, refined/updated and useful material for decision making.

3. - What is software used for?
    - Software is the term used to describe the instructions that tell the hardware how to perform a task. Without software instructions, the hardware doesn`t know what to do.

4. - What is input hardware used for? = What is the purpose of input hardware?
    - The purpose of input hardware is to collect data and convert it into a form suitable for computer processing. Input devices: keyboard, mouse, scanner, microphone, video camera, etc.

5. - What is output hardware (вихідні пристрої відображения інформації) used for?
    - The purpose of output hardware is to provide the user with the means to view information produced by the computer system (such as monitor, printer, modem, etc)

6. - What is storage hardware used for?
    - Storage hardware is used to store computer instructions and data in a form that is relatively  (відносно) permanent and retrieve when needed for processing.
     The common ways of storing data are Hard disk, floppy disk (diskette) and CD-ROM.

7. - What is hard disk used for?
    - Hard disk is a rigid disk coated with magnetic material for storing programs and relatively large amounts of data.

8. - What is CD-ROM used for?
    - CD-ROM (Compact Disk - Read Only Memory) is a compact disk on which a large amount of digitized read only data can be stored.

9. - What is Processing Hardware (пристрій обробки інформації) used for?
    - Processing Hardware  is used to retrieve, interpret and direct (керувати) the execution (виконання) of software instruction provided to the computer.
       The most common components of Processing Hardware are CPU (Central Processing Unit) and main memory.

10. - What is CPU ?
      - CPU is the brain of the computer. 

11. - What is Memory?
      - Memory is the system of computer components in which information is stored.

12. - How many types of computer memory are there?
      - There are two types of computer memory: RAM and ROM.   
      - The more memory you have in your computer, the more operations you can perform.

13.  - What is RAM (Random Access Memory)?
       - RAM is the volatile [`voletail; `va:letl]  (непостійний, тимчасовий, змінний, летючий) computer memory used for creating, loading and running programs and for temporarily storing data.

14.  - What is ROM (Read Only Memory)?
       - Memory is the non-volatile  (постійний, незмінний), non-modifiable computer memory used to hold programmed instructions to the system.
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Equipment - Обладнання

1. This computer has a processor speed of 3 GHz (= gigahertz), 2 Gb (= gigabytes) of RAM and a hard disk capacity of 500 Gb.

2. It comes with a 56K modem and a speech recognition (

розпізнавання мови

) system.

3. The multimedia system includes a sound card with 4D stereo sound and a graphics card with 128 Mb of video RAM for a high resolution colour display .

4. With DVD (= digital versatile disc or digital videodisc) you can watch films/movies.

5. You pay extra for the laser printer, scanner and other peripherals.

6. The new operating system should be compatible with existing hardware .

7. You can download the pictures from your your digital camera and burn them to a CD.

8. Wi-fi (= wireless fidelity= wireless connectivity) broadband(

Широкосмуговий

) connections are not only in computer stores but in coffee shops, public libraries and bookstores - you can log into the Internet without physically plugging into anything.

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          Getting started - Початок роботи

1. PC users should log on to the network by entering their username and password.
2. Load the program into the computer.
3. Save your files onto your hard disk and back them up onto CDs or DVDs.
4. Important data is archived on the central file server.

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When things go wrong - Коли щось не працює, коли щось йде не так

1. I can`t log in (увійти в систему) - the server is down .
2. The system keeps crashing - I`ve lost all my files.
   
3. You`ll have to switch off and reboot (перезавантажити).
4. Error. Username contains invalid characters (недійсні символи).
5. My computer can`t read this disk.
6. The virus in the software was programmed to corrupt (зіпсувати(ся)) the hard disk.
7. A firewall (брандмауер) provides essential security for your computer network.
8. Download and install this patch to fix the fault [`fo:lt} (виправити помилку). ____________________________________________________________ 

       User interface - Користувацький інтерфейс

1. Click on the window to make it active.
2. You can run several applications at the same time.
3. To create a new document, select New from the File menu.
4. Insert the cursor at the beginning of the line.
5.  Use the mouse to drag the icon to the desktop.
6. Scroll up or down the text by clicking on the scroll bar.
7. Search and replace options are activated from the command prompt.
8. Interactive computer terminals allow visitors to take an "electronic walk" through a virtual Pompeii.

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The Internet - Інтернет

1. There is a wide range of ISPs (= Internet Service Providers)
2.